Management of Upper GI Bleeding

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Vascular intervention, such as transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), has emerged as an effective treatment option for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding who have failed or are not candidates for endoscopic therapy. TAE involves the injection of embolic agents into the bleeding vessel, which occludes the vessel and stops the bleeding. TIPS, on the other hand, involves the creation of a shunt between the hepatic vein and portal vein to relieve portal hypertension, which can reduce the risk of re-bleeding. Several studies have shown that vascular intervention can achieve high rates of technical success and clinical success, with low rates of major complications. However, the optimal timing, patient selection, and choice of intervention remain the subject of debate. In conclusion, vascular intervention is a valuable treatment option for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding who have failed or are not candidates for endoscopic therapy. Further studies are needed to optimize patient selection and treatment strategies to improve outcomes