SONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF INVASIVE FUNGAL DISEASE OF LUNG

Background:
The early diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases is important because the therapeutic outcome depends on the prompt initiation of appropriate interventions. In this study, we present the feature of ultrasound of pulmonary fungal infection in six children with leukemia.
Method and Patients:
Between  2020-2021, this cross-sectional study was conducted in the radiology department at Dr. Sheikh Children’s Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. During this period, we reviewed imaging findings of fungal lung infections in 12 immunocompromised patients who were referred for chest ultrasound and CT scan. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of patients showed multiple nodular lesions with/without ground-glass opacity (halo sign or reverse halo sign), and wedge-shape consolidations. In some patients, there were thick wall cavitary lesions with intra-cavitary fungus ball and the air-crescent sign. Ultrasound findings of the lung included the target lesion, the cavitary lesion, wedge-shaped consolidation, and extra-pulmonary invasion to the chest wall or sub-diaphragm. The galactomannan test,  debridement of para-nasal sinuses and core needle biopsy confirmed fungal infections; Aspergillosis or Mucormycosis.
Conclusion:
The target appearance and invasion to the chest wall are two characteristic features of pulmonary invasive fungal disease on ultrasound.