Role of Nanotheranostic Systems in Diagnosis and Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

Purpose:
Ovarian cancer is one of the malignancies of women that usually has no symptoms in the early stages and causes late diagnosis and even death in some cases. Although different imaging modalities are used to diagnose ovarian cancer, its early diagnosis and effective treatment are limited. Nanotheranostics are nanoscale materials that include diagnostic and therapeutic portions in a single platform. This study aims to investigate the role of nanotheranostic systems in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
Methods:
We searched the keywords “ovarian cancer”, “nanotheranostic systems”, “diagnosis” and “treatment” using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and AltaVista search engines. Among the extracted articles, we reviewed the most related ones.
Results:
Different  imaging  modalities  such as MRI, fluorescent, and photoacoustic imaging, and treatment methods such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy were used to diagnose and treatment of ovarian cancer by different nanotheranostics. The diagnostic part of these nanotheranostics included the components such as iron oxide and
gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for MRI and CuS quantum dots for fluorescent imaging. Based on the findings, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted iron oxide nanoparticles showed a high ability to deliver the chemotherapy drug cisplatin to the ovary’s primary tumor and inhibited the tumor’s growth. Additionally, CuS-MnS2 nanotheranostic presented high potential in creating necroptosis in ovarian cancer cells by photothermal therapy. Also, the resolution of photoacoustic images was increased with the use of gold nanoparticles coated with reduced graphene oxide, providing more accurate information about the size and location of the tumor.
Conclusion:
Nanotheranostic systems can play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
Keywords:Ovariancancer, Nanotheranostic systems, Diagnosis, Treatment